Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of heart disease and a leading cause of death worldwide. It occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart muscle, become narrowed or blocked by a buildup of plaque. Understanding CAD and adopting preventive measures is crucial for maintaining heart health. Here’s what you need to know:
Causes and Risk Factors
- Plaque Buildup: A buildup of cholesterol and other substances in the arteries.
- Smoking: Tobacco smoke damages the blood vessels and increases the risk of plaque buildup.
- High Blood Pressure: Increases the workload of the heart and damages the arteries over time.
- High Cholesterol: Elevated levels of LDL cholesterol (“bad” cholesterol) can lead to plaque buildup.
- Diabetes: Increases the risk of heart disease.
- Obesity: Excess weight can lead to high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes.
- Family History: A history of heart disease in the family increases the risk.
- Age and Gender: Risk increases with age and is generally higher in men than in women, though the risk for women increases after menopause.
Symptoms of CAD
- Chest Pain (Angina): Discomfort, pressure, or squeezing in the chest.
- Shortness of Breath: Especially during physical activity or exertion.
- Heart Attack: Sudden, severe chest pain, often radiating to the arm, neck, jaw, or back.
Prevention Strategies
- Healthy Diet: A diet low in saturated fats, trans fats, cholesterol, and sodium. Emphasize fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins.
- Regular Physical Activity: Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise per week.
- Maintain a Healthy Weight: Achieve and maintain a body mass index (BMI) in the healthy range.
- Don’t Smoke: If you smoke, quit. Avoid exposure to secondhand smoke.
- Manage Stress: Stress can contribute to heart disease. Practice relaxation techniques and seek support if needed.
- Control Conditions: Manage high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes under the guidance of a healthcare provider.
- Limit Alcohol: Drink in moderation, if at all.
Screening and Diagnosis
- Blood Tests: To check cholesterol levels and other risk factors.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): To detect abnormal heart rhythms and other heart abnormalities.
- Echocardiogram: To assess the heart’s structure and function.
Conclusion
CAD is a serious condition, but it’s also largely preventable. By adopting a healthy lifestyle, managing risk factors, and seeking regular medical care, you can significantly reduce your risk of developing CAD and other heart-related problems. Talk to your healthcare provider about your individual risk factors and the best ways to protect your heart health.
